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　中等收入单亲家庭如何安全打理家财

2007-4-6 18:21:40
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　 1969年出生的蒋丽丽眼看就要“奔四”了，但是为了自己和15岁的女儿能够生活得更好，她仍然在不断地打拼奋斗中。
　　单亲家庭结余不多
　　用“柔肩担道义”来形容蒋丽丽可能是比较贴切的。家住上海九亭地区的蒋丽丽因为丈夫几年前不幸去世，如今只身一人带着女儿过生活。蒋丽丽是一名销售经理助理，月收入4000元，此外母女俩每月有一笔1400元的租金收入。因为仅有一个成人的收入，母女两人生活相当节约，每个月的基本生活开销大约维持在1000元左右，朋友处贷款目前每月还1000元左右，银行房屋按揭贷款月供2500元。因此，即便生活再节俭，他们每个月的结余也就只有900—1000元左右。
　　年度性收支方面，蒋丽丽年终奖一般有2万元左右，存款和债券利息大约有4000元左右，家庭保险费目前每年支出3000元，还有其它一些杂项开支，如女儿的学杂费、逢年过节添置大宗物品和衣物消费开支等，大约每年需要15000元，因此母女俩目前的年度性结余也不甚乐观，大约只有6000元左右。
　　房贷压力重投资较保守
　　“你看我们每个月生活费用上很省的，主要就是被房贷压得揣不过气来了。”2006年，蒋丽丽母女购买了一套商品房自住（主要是为了女儿读高中），动用了家中不少的储蓄，还向朋友处筹了5万元。如今，这套房产市价在58万元左右，银行贷款本金余额尚有34万元左右，朋友处借款还有4万元未还，每个月为了房子总还款额如前述，达到了3500元。
　　他们家原来一套房子目前市价30万元左右，现在出租给附近工作的年轻人，月租金收入在1400元，租金收入比较稳定，房子也基本不愁没人租，一年到头很少有空置时段。
　　家中目前还有12万元的活期存款，2万元的定期存款，和3万元未到期凭证式国债。“我非常希望5年内将房贷还清，这样每个月的压力会小很多，女儿上大学期间也不用发愁担心钱的问题。不知道有没有这个可能？”蒋丽丽问道。
　　希望自己开店做小生意
　　“另外，虽然我已经做了多年的销售，但是如果职位不提升，现在这份工作好像涨薪的可能性不大。所以，未来两年内我希望投资10万—20万元，经营一家自己的小店，目前项目还没有找好。这样是否能让我的财务更自由些？”
　　“此外，我还想为女儿买一份保险。父亲没了，我希望让她多份保障。目前，我自己有一份15万元的分红险，企业里也有给我交基本的“三险一金”，不知道给女儿买什么保险比较好？”蒋丽丽对于女儿，始终抱有最大的爱心。
　　保险建议
　　可怜天下父母心。蒋丽丽只身一人抚养女儿，凡事总是先想到女儿，好的东西总是本能地想到先给予女儿。可是，抱着这样的爱幼意识理财，很可能达不到预期的效果，保险方面就是一个例子。
　　对于蒋女士而言，自己是目前这个单亲家庭最有效的经济来源，她是真正的家庭支柱，女儿尚未成年，还不具备取得经济收入的能力，对于女儿来说，母亲比保险公司“更保险”。
　　蒋女士目前自己只有一份15万元的分红寿险，意外险和健康医疗保障都还没有。单位里也仅有最基本的“三险一金”，所以，蒋女士应该首先考虑自己是否已经有了充分的保障，当务之急是先给自己安排好保障，而不是先考虑给女儿买什么保险好。
　　对于年收入差不多5万多元、家庭条件一般的蒋女士而言，考虑到尽量减少保费支出，同时获得较高保障，那么最佳选择是先购买30万元左右的意外险。这样的保障额度相当于她年收入的5—6倍，万一自己遭遇突发状况，这笔钱可以使她和她的孩子保持目前的生活状态5年上下，而不需要动用家里的固定资产和金融资产弥补经济来源上的损失，那些固定资产和金融资产可以继续增值。这份保障一年保费也就600元左右，真可谓“低投入，高保障”。
　　其次，蒋女士已经年近不惑，购买一定的重大疾病保险，并附加一些住院补贴保险也是很有必要的。为了尽量减少保费支出，建议蒋女士选择消费型的重大疾病保险，大病保障额度最好能有10万—20万元。住院补贴日额最好能选择100—150元左右，这样才能有效抵御生病住院对日常工资收入的影响（她的月收入有4000元）。
　　女儿的保障，目前可以依靠上海市少儿学生基本住院医疗保险，此外也可以购买一份学生平安意外险。
　　以上所有的保障年费用总和不会超过2000元，对于蒋女士来说是可以接受的。但因为蒋女士原来有一份年缴费3000元的分红险，这样一来总保费就可能超过了她年收入的10%，所以最好能把原来的那份保障转为定期寿险，这样对自己的家庭而言，可能更有针对性一些。
　　总之，安排保险的目的在于尽量规避家庭可能面临的因人身伤害和疾病带来的经济风险，对于中等收入的单亲家庭而言，每一笔保费都应用在刀刃上，唯有如此，才能让自己和孩子比较顺利地度过人生的每一个阶段。
　　（记者：陈婷）
　　注：本信息仅代表专家个人观点仅供参考，据此投资风险自负。

Middle-income single-parent families how to take care of anyone born in 1969 Jianglili appeared to be "smaller", But for himself and his 15-year-old daughter to a better life, she still continued to fight in the struggle. Single-parent families with small balances, "Sophie foster morality" to describe the Jianglili might be more appropriate. Jiuting area Jianglili lived in Shanghai a few years ago because of the unfortunate death of her husband, who is now relocated to live with her daughter. Jiang Lili is a sales assistant manager, and a monthly income of 4,000 yuan. Besides her daughter has a monthly rental income of 1,400 yuan. Adult because only one income, both of them are very economical. the monthly basic living expenses remained at approximately 1,000 yuan. friends are currently around 1,000 yuan monthly bank mortgage loans on housing for 2,500 yuan. Therefore, even if the life of frugality, it was only their monthly balances 900-1000 yuan. Annual revenue, year-end bonus to a general Jianglili around 20,000 yuan. About 4,000 yuan deposits and bonds around, the family premium now 3,000 yuan per year. There are some other miscellaneous expenses, such as tuition for his daughter, a holiday staple goods and clothing additional consumer spending. about 15,000 yuan a year, her daughter was not optimistic about the current annual surplus. only about 6000 yuan. Pressure for a more conservative investment real estate loans "You see, we are very monthly cost of living in the province. But gas is the principal figure to be a heavy mortgage. "2006. Jianglili daughter bought a house for self-occupation (mainly to high school daughter), the family spent a lot of savings. friends to raise the 50,000 yuan. Today, about 580,000 yuan in this real estate market, there are 34 million bank loan principal balance. There had not been borrowing friends 40,000 yuan per month to house the total amount, as explained above, reached 3,500 yuan. They originally set the current market value of 30 million homes, now rented to young people working in the immediate vicinity. 1,400 yuan in rental income, rental income is relatively stable, the houses are basically no one to worry about rent, warm, very few vacant time slots. There are still 12 million homes, demand deposits, t

ime deposits of 20,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan outstanding bonds. "I very much hope that the mortgage will be repaid within five years, there will be a lot of pressure this month. During the universities do not have worried about her daughter, worried the money. I do not know if I have this possibility? "Jianglili asked. Want to sell small businesses "Also, although I have done many years of sales, But if jobs do not upgrade, now working as a salary increase is unlikely to happen. Therefore, I hope within the next two years to invest 100,000 -20 million, operating his own restaurant, At present, the project has not yet found a job. it will allow me more freedom to do some financial? "" In addition, I want to buy an insurance policy for his daughter. his father did not, I hope that the number of her security. Currently, I have a 15 million dividend risks, enterprises have to pay my basic "one of the three dangerous." do not know what to buy her daughter a better insurance? "Jianglili for her daughter, and always have the greatest love. Parents pitiful insurance proposals. Jianglili one raising her daughter alone, and they always thought of her daughter, good things always instinctively think of it first daughter. However, with this kind of love David fiscal sense, it is very likely did not achieve the desired effect, insurance is a case in point. For Mr President, his family is the single most effective source She is the real pillar of the family, his daughter is still a minor and do not have the ability to obtain income, daughter, mother than insurance companies, "insurance." President Jiang present their dividends only a 150,000 life insurance, accident insurance and health care are still not protected. Lane is only the most basic units of the "three dangerous one gold." So, Mr President should first consider whether they had adequate safeguards, the pressing task is to equip their security arrangements. not first consider what kind of insurance to buy a good daughter. For almost income over 50,000 yuan, President Chiang family in general, taking into account the premiums to reduce expenses Meanwhile security was high, then the best option is to purchase about 300,000 yuan accident insurance. The protection of 5-6 times the amount equal to her annual income, if their encounter unexpected situation. This money will enable her and her children to maintain their present living condition five years from top to bottom. home instead of the fixed assets and financial assets needed to make up for the loss of economic sources. those of fixed assets and financial assets can continue to add value. This year the premium will be 600% protection, might well be described as "low-input, high security." Secondly, Mr President has been perplexed in recent years to buy a major disease insurance Additional subsidies and some hospitalization insurance is absolutely necessary. To minimize insurance costs, the consumer-oriented proposals, Mr President to choose a major disease insurance. serious illness and the amount of protection can best be 100,000 -20 million. Japan should be able to select the best places to subsidize hospital 100-150 million. This is the only effective way to resist staying in hospital for daily wages of (her monthly income is 4,000 yuan). Daughter of protection that students can rely on the Shanghai Children's basic medical insurance for hospitalization. In addition students can purchase a safe accident insurance. All the above protection is not the total cost of more than 2,000 yuan, Mr President is acceptable. Mr President, but there are a dividend payment of 3,000 yuan risk As a result of her total premium income would be more than 10% It would be best able to protect the original portion of regular life, their family, Some may be more targeted. In short, The purpose of insurance is to avoid family arrangements may face because of the economic risk of personal injury and disease. For middle-income single-parent families, every premiums are applied in places where they are needed most, the only way can help themselves and their children more smoothly through every stage of life. (Reporter : Chen Ting) Note : This information represents only individual experts view for reference purposes only and thus bear the investment risk. (2007-04-06 "fiscal Weekly"

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2007-4-6